Common Internal Parasites

Okay, so we're going to start talking about,

we're going to take a little bit of a break from our reproductive unit.

Um and we're going to move on and do a short unit on parasitology.

So for today we're going to start talking

about some common internal parasites um how to

identify them either by looking at them or

by certain symptoms that an animal might exhibit.

And we'll just kind of go through some of the main ones.

So let's go ahead and get started here.

So by the end of this lesson,

you guys will be able to identify common species of parasites,

describe the effect each parasite has on the host

and recognize systems of parasite infections in hosts.

So we're going to go ahead and get started first with the roundworm.

This is going to be the most common internal parasite in puppies and kittens.

Um adults

are going to inhabit the small intestine and typically

the way that we know that an animal has a

roundworm infection is because we are going to see those

adult roundworms in the animal stool and or vomit.

The way that we can identify the roundworm is that the adults

are going to be very long and white and oftentimes look like spaghetti

lovely.

As for the types we have toxic para que nous in our dogs and then toxic or a cat i in

our cats and then ones that can affect both cats

and dogs is going to be toxic artist leah nina.

So there's different variations that might only

affect dogs might only affect cats,

but there are certain species of the roundworm that will affect both of them.

As for the modes of transmission or how this

how this parasite is transmitted from one animal to the next in the dogs,

it can happen both directly and indirectly.

So direct way is transplant central,

meaning that if the mother dog has a roundworm infection,

she is able to pass those roundworms onto her unborn puppies.

So that is one way that roundworm can be uh trance mended. Also trans memory as well.

Again, if a female dog who is lactating has a roundworm infection,

it is possible for her to pass those roundworms off to her young through the milk.

As for indirect, that would be ingestion of a pyrotechnic host.

So for example,

if that dog were to eat infected stool or like an

infected mouse or an infected rat or some other type of prey

potentially could be a way that they could get round worm as well

as for cats, they also can transmit it directly or indirectly.

Um Trans memory for direct and indirect,

meaning that they are ingesting a pyrotechnic host.

As for the life cycle of the roundworm,

it enters the body either by indirect or direct

means similar to what we had just previously discussed,

it is going to migrate through various organs

to the lungs and the trachea

from there,

that larva is going to travel to the small intestine where

they are going to mature into the adults and it's also

there's a little bit of a typo there,

it is actually going to make its way through the esophagus to get to that point

they're going to mature into adults in the small intestine.

And then those eggs are going to be shed into the

feces and then the cycle just starts all over again.

As for the clinical science,

if we are looking for a roundworm infection in our dogs and cats,

especially our puppies and kittens,

we are going to look for general and thriftiness,

meaning that animal is not wanting to do much.

Um and it's just kind of laying around a little bit.

A potbelly is also a really big indication of a roundworm infection, dull coat,

diarrhea,

coughing vomiting and in very severe cases anemia can also happen as well.

Zoo noses,

Zuno sis means that it can pass from animal to human or human to animals.

So a zoonotic disease is a disease that can pass between species that way.

Roundworm can be passed to humans specifically,

like the larva are able to be passed to humans.

Moving on.

We have the tapeworm which is also another very common parasite in our cats and dogs,

tapeworm.

We're going to have very long, flat and segmented bodies.

Like you can see in the pictures there and they

actually have specific names for these parts as well.

The head is called the skull X. And the segments are going to be the problem kids,

The proglide IDs are what's going to contain the eggs and those eggs are going to

look like little grains of white rice when they are shed in the host's feces.

The main way that we can diagnose tapeworm is by looking at the feces.

If you see little grains of rice and rice is not part of your animal's diet,

probably is an indication that that animal has a tapeworm infection,

adults attached to the small intestine and they

mess with nutrient absorption for the animal.

And the flea is going to be a vector of the tapeworm.

So some different types

deploy medium cadmium for dogs and cats.

Tenia piece of for MS and dogs and Tanya Tanya for MS.

In cats, just some different types of the tapeworm

modes of transition

pretty much only going to be indirect.

So animal has to ingest a flea or other intermediate host, such as rabbits,

mice or lice for them to be able to get tapeworm.

As for the life cycle,

that intermediate host is going to eat the eggs of the tapeworm and

then the dog or the cat is going to eat the intermediate host.

And then those larvae are going to migrate to the small intestine where

they are going to grow and mature and be able to reproduce.

So

from that point on they reproduce those little eggs are going to be

shed in the feces and then that cycle just starts all over again,

some of the clinical science primarily with tapeworm animals are going

to be relatively asymptomatic really and like I mentioned before,

the only way you're going to know an animal has a tapeworm

infection is if you see little rice grains in that animal's feces

super quick pop quiz here, you can just answer these in your own time

question.

One describe the difference between an endo parasite and an ecto parasite

to

those two examples of damages to an endo parasites that they do to their host.

Three drawn label picture of an adult roundworm and adult tapeworm.

Four list one clinical sign of a roundworm infection.

List one clinical signs of a tapeworm infection.

And then five which parasite is the most common in puppies and kittens,

the roundworm or the tapeworm.

So you can do that in your own time. Um we'll come back to this in in class when I get back

moving on to the hookworm. This is a very destructive parasite.

This one is going to cause a lot of damage to the animals that is infecting because

not only is it attaching to the walls of the small intestine,

but it's actually feeding on those walls of the

small intestine and these move around as well.

So a lot of the problems with hookworm is that it's going to cause hemorrhaging

or severe bleeding internally in the animal that

can lead to anemia and protein loss,

which river resulting like severe weight loss.

Um death is common if left untreated specifically in puppies.

And even uh kittens as well.

In warmer climates.

We are going to see the oncologist oma hookworm and then in northern us and Canada

there's another variation of the hookworm called unison

area that we're going to see up there.

That is better suited for colder climates.

As for the mode of transmission,

it can only be transmitted directly through ingestion,

skin penetration or trans memory.

Life cycle occurs in about 4-6 weeks.

Okay, Larva are ingested,

absorbed or passed to the host by those direct

means migrate to the lungs via the bloodstream,

passed on the trachea to develop.

They then get coughed up and swallowed.

I know that sounds like super gross and it is really

gross parasites just in general are just not good things.

And then afterwards they are going to end up in the small

intestine where they will mature and then they begin to feed,

destroy the small intestine, essentially shed the eggs into this

feces and then the whole cycle starts all over again.

Kind of noticing a pattern here with all the parasites that we're talking about

clinical signs.

Lethargic e that animals not wanting to get up and move around and if it does it

is moving around very little and it's not really

willing to do so anorexia and very severe,

very quick weight loss as well.

A dull coat, pale mucous membranes like around the nose and the ears and the mouth

anemia is a big sign that there could be a hookworm infection

as well as if there's any blood in the stool as well,

Zuno sees

the Brazilian uh

variation or type of hookworm

can

infect humans as well. And it is not pleasant just looking at the picture there

from there, we have the whip worm.

Typically we're going to see this more so in our dogs. It very rarely is seen in cats.

The name comes from the little thin whip like tail that is the end of their body.

Seeing the picture there,

these are going to attach instead of the small intestine to the large

intestine and the sick um by threading their whip through the intestinal lining,

disgusting As for the types really the only one that we have

to worry about in our dogs and in our cats as well.

If it does get a whip worm, infectious

infection, excuse me is the tri curious vole picks,

modes of transmission is direct ingestion of the eggs is really

the only way that an animal is going to get whip worm

Lifecycle about 4-7 weeks. Those eggs have to be eaten by the host.

They're going to hatch and develop.

They will start to develop in the small intestine and the large intestine.

But eventually those larva are going to move on to the large

intestine and into the sick um perhaps and potentially in like ruminants

and are going to become reproductively mature eggs are going to contain infected

larva or passing the TCS and then the cycle starts all over again.

Whip worm infections are typically going to be much more mild,

especially compared to hook hookworm,

but if an animal has a more severe whip

worm infection you're going to see diarrhea Emaciation.

So severe weight loss, dehydration,

anemia and blood and stool and in severe untreated cases,

death can occur in that animal.

After that protozoa.

Um several different species commonly known as cox

idi in an infection of proteus OTA is

called cox radio sis and this is going to affect the walls of the intestines.

Some different types ISIS para and dogs and cats

as well as Sarcos itis and dogs and cats.

And then toxoplasma Gandhi, specifically Justin katz.

And the interesting thing about toxoplasma Gandhi is this is the one,

is that the reason why pregnant women should not be cleaning cat litter boxes,

particularly if your cat is an outdoor cat or an indoor outdoor cat.

And we'll kind of get that a little bit more

direct and indirect modes of transmission.

Either by ingesting the eggs or ingesting infected animals. As for the lifecycle.

Those eggs have to be ingested by the host in some way shape or

form whether they ingest them directly or

um from another host by eating another host

going to enter the intestinal epithelial cells.

So kind of the outside of the intestines there where they are going to mature,

divide and develop into male or female.

Once they are fertilized,

the female suicides are going to rupture and be passed into this feces

clinical science

protozoa the main thing that you know that your animal has cox

radio sis is going to be diarrhea in puppies and kittens.

Zeno sees mentioned this earlier. Toxoplasma Gandhi in cats.

Okay, this can cause abortions in humans again.

So pregnant women should never clean cat litter boxes just because

that even if your cat is a solely indoor cat,

better safe than sorry, make your partner do it.

Okay,

giardia or beaver fever is transmitted in contaminated food

and water that can also affect humans as well.

So another little pop quiz that you guys can go ahead and do on your own time.

We'll just kind of go through the questions.

Um number one, explaining complete sentences why hookworm is so destructive.

Number.

To draw a picture of whip worm and hookworm and then label each and then number three,

name one zoonotic disease caused by protozoa and what it affects.

Number four explain how whip worm is transmitted and then number five,

the species of protozoa that infects dogs and cats are commonly known

by what name and what is an infection of this parasite called.

So

I know that was really quick.

So if you guys need to go back and watch this again or I know that this the link to the un

or the version of this present without audio is also

available on canvas for you to go through as well.

What I would like for you guys to do,

um,

is make sure that your note sheets are completely filled out and then

what you will do with the last remaining few minutes of classes,

I want you to go back and do those pop quizzes.

You can do pop quiz one and then 12345 underneath and then pop quiz too.

Again, 123, 45 underneath. Make sure your name's on it.

Go ahead and get them turned into the substitute teacher and

then we will move on to a different activity tomorrow.

Um, as per usual, if you have any questions, go ahead and email me,

I will try to get back to you as soon as I can.

Um, otherwise enjoy the rest of your day.

Common Internal Parasites

Chapters

Audio TranscriptAuto-generated