NEPA & Adaptive Management

Hello, everyone.

And welcome to my presentation for my capsule thesis proposal.

Um, let's jump right in introduction.

So hydrogen fuel additive by Denis Vogel, march 18th, 2021.

So H h l What What is h h o?

I think most of us know what h 20 is.

It's usually the first molecule we learn.

And, oh, about 1st 2nd grade, um, for water, of

course. Two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom making the

water molecule that we all know and love simply put

A chose the mono atomic molecules.

So single atom molecules of H 20 um, when broken

apart. Ahh.

Oh, gas is also known as brown gas or canal

gas in German.

Ahh. Oh is produced by breaking the bonds of H

20 molecules typically through electrolysis, which will explain next, um,

electrolysis is the process of running an electrical current through

water, and we'll get more into that now.

So here's a little bit more of an in depth

view of the electrolysis process.

Typically, you take distilled water to remove any impurities that

tap water might have.

You need, um all the water, um, is conductive.

Um, it's typically a lot more conductive if you add

an electrolyte to it like baking powder, something like that.

So an electrical current is run through the water.

The H 20 molecules are separated.

Hydrogen and oxygen gases rise from the water.

In our scenario, both of the gases are captured in

one tube and pumped into the air intake, which I'll

explain later.

And here we go.

Um, so here's a good example or good diagram of

what we're going to be discussing in this project.

Um, basically, um, what the h h o cell that

you see here, um, is what we discussed earlier.

It's a It's a water reservoir of distilled water with,

uh, electrolysis, uh, performed upon it.

It's the only thing this diagram is missing is that

it's not attached to a battery.

So a fuel source to fuel that electrolysis, uh, the

gases are captured, um, in this tube here, uh, where

then travels to a safety bubbler, and then further past

a flashback spark arrester, um, and then finally into the

air intake of the vehicle.

Why are these, uh, second points important?

Essentially a safety bubbler and a flashback spark arrester all

that's doing is that's making sure that if a spark

were to come from the vehicle at any point in

time and make its way through this tube, um, it's

to prevent it from making its way to the H

h o cell.

Um, where the brown gas cell.

Excuse me.

Um, as this could create a combustion where you don't

want one to occur a k a.

An explosion.

Um, and Okay, um, so why is this important?

Is this a vehicle?

Is this a car mechanics class?

Why? Why are we why are we learning about this?

So the main point is about the pollution, greenhouse gases

and, of course, climate change.

Um, as we learn, vehicular green house gas emissions vehicles

produced carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide mhm from the vehicle's

exhaust, as well as other pollutants that are harmful but

specifically focusing on greenhouse gases.

The combustion combustion vehicles produced 69 tons on average of

greenhouse gas emissions annually, and as of 2020 there were

approximately 1.4 billion vehicles on the road globally.

Considering their 7.5 billion people, Um, that's actually a lot

of people not owning and driving a vehicle, but still,

1.4 billion vehicles is quite a bit.

Um, there are many problems with all electric vehicles.

I won't get into all of them right now.

Um, they are a good direction that we can work

towards in the future.

Um, what I what my thesis revolves around is, um,

more or less mitigating the damage created between now and

the the end of the transition period of switching to

100% all electric vehicles for those 1.4 billion vehicles on

the road.

So lithium mining lithium mining is one of the most,

um, carbon dioxide producing activities on the planet.

Lithium mining is extremely not green.

Um, but this is needed.

This material is needed for the fuel cells in the

batteries in electric vehicles, not to mention all the other

raw materials that are needed.

If we were to replace 1.4 billion vehicles with all

electric vehicle cost, many electric vehicles can range from 30,000

upwards to 100,000.

You know, a lot of people, especially if they're not

in First World nations, um would have a very hard

time affording these vehicles.

So vehicle cost.

That's a big one and then also, as I just

briefly touched upon the transition time needed to switch all

of the vehicles in the world, or at least the

large majority of them through all electric would still take

a considerable amount of time.

So if we jump into that the transition period.

So let's assume a 50 year transition period to trans

two for 1.4 billion vehicles, um, to switch to all

electric. Some say more.

Some say less.

You could we could use 30 or 80 years.

But let's just stick with 50 kind of keep it

somewhat conservative.

So if there's 1.4 billion vehicles each producing around six

tons of greenhouse gases produced per year over a period

of 50 years, um, we could expect an estimate an

estimate of about 420 billion tons of greenhouse gas emissions

within this, uh, produced within this 50 year transition period.

If that's not alarming to you, that's alarming to me.

So thesis statement.

So introducing a stable supply of H H O gas

into the air intake of a gas combustion engine by

means of an on site H H L fuel cell,

which we've discussed earlier, will decrease the carbon dioxide, methane

and nitrous oxide emissions cumulatively of the vehicle by, um,

greater than or equal to 50% measured in parts per

million. So, alterations finding the golden ahh ratio or brown

gas ratio.

So brown gases specifically a 2 to 1 ratio.

It's two atoms of hydrogen per every one atom of

of oxygen similar to an H 20 molecule.

Right? So H h l um However, what we're searching

for is the golden ratio within vehicles.

So, um, what we What we want to do is

we want to reach that 50% reduction of greenhouse gases

by trying different combinations in order to achieve that with

the vehicle.

So things we can do our at a second battery

as well as varying voltage with the electrolysis process with

the water reservoir.

Um, although although there may be a finite amount of

H h O molecules which can be, um, produced per

liter of, um, water of distilled water, um, you can

you can speed up the rate at which these become

available, um, that these are produced per second or per

minute by increasing the voltage of the electrolysis process, therefore,

breaking apart more molecules faster so you can increase the

rate at which, um, the electrolysis process happens, making more

tho available per second to the vehicle.

Right? Um, you can change different varying voltages, starting at

two voltages, three voltages, four voltages and seeing how that

affects affects it, as well as having two batteries working

at once, which may do a better job, we might

try different electrolytes and different amounts of the electrolytes.

So other than, um, other than baking soda, you can

use potassium chloride.

There's some other things that you can use to basically

make the water more conductive so we can try different

electrolytes and different amounts per liters of water and then

also a larger water reservoir could be another one, and

so again, you have X amount of HHR molecules per

liter. If we make a two liter or three liter

tank and we pump up the voltage, can we produce

much more at a faster rate that could come to

the vehicle, in which case the vehicle would be burning

a higher amount of hydrogen, which burns very clean again.

The end goal is to drop that pollution as much

as possible safely, of course, in order to really drop

the greenhouse gas emissions of the vehicle, uh, methods used.

So there's there's gonna be multiple methods used in this,

um, thesis project from academic research of peer reviewed articles.

Seeing who's done it before.

What have they done?

What can we learn from that?

What were the results?

A meta analysis of all the results that I can

find also creating grass and tables to keep these in

order. Uh, there's multiple people who have tried similar experiments.

I'd like to contact them and survey them, find out

what the results were and so on.

And then, of course, direct experimentation.

I have my own Ahh!

Oh, kit that I'm going to use and work on

for this thesis as well as other field work.

Um, I have an uncle who also has some equipment,

so I'm going to do some field work over there

as well as using an empirical data.

I'll correct that, typo before it's turning.

Um, and then, yeah, So the conclusion fulfilling the thesis,

the final goals, the ultimate goals are proving this thesis

either wrong or right.

So the reduction of greenhouse gases of 50% or greater

with the end goal of curbing climate change during this

transition period.

So the reduction of 420 tons of greenhouse gas emissions

during the transition to a greener vehicles.

By that, I mean the reduction, reducing as much of

that as possible.

Not all of it.

But if we can cut that number in half in

the transition period from now until perhaps a 100% green

vehicle future, Um, the more the greater we can reduce

that number.

Um, the greater we can help to curb climate change

before it occurs before it's too late.

And here my references.

Thank you very much.

I hope that you found that, um, interesting.

And, uh, I look forward to hearing any questions, comments

or concerns and, uh, thank you very much.

Have a good day.

NEPA & Adaptive Management

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