Lecture 5. Argumentation
Building a strong argument
What you claim?
Why you claim it?
What proves your claim is true?
How it all fits into the context?
Basic argument structure
Data: The facts or evidence used to prove the argument
Claim: The statement being argued (a thesis)
Warrant: The general, hypothetical (and often implicit) logical statements that serve as bridges between the claim and the data.
Qualifiers: Statements that limit the strength of the argument or statements that propose the conditions under which the argument is true.
Rebuttal: Counter-arguments or statements indicating circumstances when the general argument does not hold true.
Backing: Statements that serve to support the warrants (i.e., arguments that don't necessarily prove the main point being argued, but which do prove the warrants are true.)
Toulmin Model of Argument
Toulmin Model of Argument
Argumentation makes up the flesh of every persuasive speech!
Stephen Toulmin (1922-2009), British philosopher, educator
Homework
Reading: Chapter 2 & 3
Assignment: find examples of persuasion techniques
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Class 4. Argumentation
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