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Pros of Transgenic Animals

Conclusion

Lisa Ngo & Nina Pareja

Period 4

Transgenic animals may not be natural, but keep in mind that not everything natural is healthy for us. Poisonous plants are not good for us but they are natural. Washing our food is not natural but it is healthier. Transgenic animals have also helped us find many cures and treatments for diseases and have progressed agriculture, medicine and industry.

2. Nutritional Supplements and Pharmaceuticals

3. Human Gene Therapy

Proteins produced by the Transgenic animals benefit to curing diseases. The first therapeutic protein produced in the milk of transgenic animals was antithrombin that treats patients with a congenital deficiency.

This is the process of adding a normal gene (transgene) to the genome of someone carrying defective copies of the gene

Industrial

Used for material fabrication and material safety testing. Ex: Two Canadian scientists inserted desired spider genes into a goat thus the goat began to produce silk along with its milk. Scientists are able to create a light but tough and flexible material for military uniforms and tennis racket strings.

Lead to discovery of new drugs representing human diseases. Ex: ATryn, a drug based from transgenic animals, treats alfa antithromobin, a life threatening disease that prevents blood clots.

Contributions to Humans

Agriculturally

How are Transgenic Animals Produced?

Selective breeding of animals is faster than traditional breeding and animals produced desired traits such as increased milk production or high growth rate. The animals are also better in quality (i.e. have more wool or more meat). There are current attempts to produce disease resistance animals as well.

What is a transgenic animal?

Two Main Reasons

An animal that has modification of its genome, the genetic makeup of an organism responsible for the inherited traits.

  • DNA Microinjection
  • retrovirus gene transfer
  • embryonic stem cell transfer

1. Produced for certain economic traits. Ex: Particular transgenic cattle produce milk containing proteins to help humans with emphysema

Medical Applications

1) Xenotransplantation

2. Produced as disease models, animals genetically modified to show disease symptoms so proper effective treatment can be studied.

Thousands of patients wait for an organ donor to transplant their own defective organ. However, Transgenic animals can go through xenotransplantation, a procedure in which an organ from a healthy animal is transplanted into a human patient.

According to the most current report from

the United Network for Organ Sharing (UNOS),

more than 107,241 Americans were waiting

for organ transplantation as of May 2010.

In 2009, 28,464 patients had transplants, and approximately 40% of listed candidates

on waiting list were younger than 50 years.

Retrovirus Gene Transfer

  • A retrovirus is that is in RNA form rather than DNA
  • Retroviruses are used as vectors to transfer genetic material into the host cell, resulting in a chimera, an organism consisting of tissues or parts of diverse genetic structure

Embryonic Stem Cell Gene Transfer

  • Stem cells containing the desired DNA are incorporated into the host's embryo, resulting in chimera
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