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Volcano Presentation

Transcript: Vicky Pham MouNT UNZEN General Overview General Overview History History Geographical Characteristics Geographical Characteristics Subduction Subduction https://youtu.be/uSEknACCDs0 ANIMATION! ANIMATION! Effects Effects Ariake Sea Ariake Sea REMAINS (2007) REMAINS (2007) Preparation Preparation Britannica, The Editors of Encyclopaedia. “Mount Unzen Eruption of 1792.” Encyclopædia Britannica, Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc., 25 May 2016, www.britannica.com/event/Mount-Unzen-eruption-of-1792. Lamb, Oliver. “Cracking Volcanoes.” Unzen and the Inclined Spine, Blogger, 7 Dec. 2015, crackingvolcanoes.blogspot.com/2015/12/unzen-spine-paper.html. McCasland, Patricia. “Characteristics of Mount Unzen - Natural Hazards.” Geneseo Wiki, 18 Oct. 2017, wiki.geneseo.edu/display/NH/Characteristics+of+Mount+Unzen. “Mount Unzen Volcano Project.” Impacts and Safety - Mount Unzen Volcano Project, mountunzenvolcanobyjesusandgod.weebly.com/impacts-and-safety.html. “Mount Unzen• Volcano in Shimabara Peninsula.” Shimabara Travel: Mount Unzen, www.japan-guide.com/e/e4452.html. “Unzen, Japan.” Unzen, Japan, volcano.oregonstate.edu/oldroot/volcanoes/volc_images/img_unzen2.html. “Volcano Monitoring Techniques.” GEOL205: Volcano Monitoring Techniques, hilo.hawaii.edu/~kenhon/GEOL205/monitor/monitors.html. Walker, Zerius. “Mt. Unzen, Japan, 1792.” Adobe Spark, spark.adobe.com/page/MKbEazfv4DP5C/. Works Cited Works Cited

Volcano Presentation

Transcript: Volcano Presentation El Chichon Patzy Carmona Location: It is in northwestern Chiapas, Mexico. 17.360°N / 93.228°W It is a lava dome A steep-sided mass of viscous and commonly blocky lava extruded from a vent; typically has a rounded top and roughly circular outline History: The first erruption happened around 550, then in 900, 1250, 1500, 1600, 1900, 2000, 2500, 3100, 3700 and 7700 years BC El Chichon’s most famous eruption was in 1982. It lasted from March 28 to April 4, 1982. It generated pyroclastic surges and flows that dammed adjacent drainages including the Magdalena River. This created a 4 km long and 40 km wide lake that drained catastrophically and inundated the town of Ostuacan with a mixture of hot water and pyroclastic sediment. The eruption on April 3rd that let out pyroclastic surges and flows killed more than 2000 inhabitants. The eruption was unique due to the release of unusually large amounts of sulfur into the atmosphere. Three weeks after the eruption, the volcanic aerosol had circled the Earth and severely affected aircraft particularly in the northern hemisphere. Pyroclastic flows and surges destroyed nine villages south of the volcano. Cultural Significance: The eruptive history of El Chichón also offers clues in the investigation of the Maya civilization. Several researchers have considered the volcano as an important factor in the answer to some intriguing questions such as the extensive use of volcanic ash in Late Classic Maya ceramics or, of greater importance, the causes of the collapse of the Classic Maya civilization. Structure and Composition: Summit elevation is 3,773 ft The former summit of the volcano was constructed within a 1.6 x 2 km summit crater created about 220,000 years ago. The eruptions in 1982 created a new 1-km-wide, 300-m-deep crater that now contains an acidic crater lake. The magma erupted by El Chichon have a trachyandesitic composition with a similar mineral association of plagioclase, amphibole, augite, magnetite, sphene, pyrrothite, biotite, and apatite. Status: Even though it is famously known for the large eruption in 1982, it is not very large and not very active. The origin of El Chichón volcano has been related to the subduction of the Cocos plate beneath the North American plate at the Middle American Trench. This ongoing subduction process is occurring at an average convergence rate of 66 mm/yr in a northeast direction. The projected slab is dipping at an angle of 40° and has an approximate thickness of 39 km. This geometry sets El Chichón, which is at 400 km from the trench to about 300 km above the subducted slab under Chiapas. Properties: El Chichon is known for its felsic magma. The powerful 1982 explosive consisted of high-sulfur, anhydrite-bearing magma, and was accompanied by pyroclastic flows and surges that devastated an area extending about 8 km around the volcano. Works sited: Cain, F.C. (2009, June 5). El chichon volcano. Retrieved from http://www.universetoday.com/32071/el-chichon-volcano/ Stanbrough, L.S. (2007, February 18). El chichon eruption - april 1982, mexico. Retrieved from http://www.interragate.info/notable-past-event/3787 Espíndola, J. M. E. (2000). Volcanic history of el chichón volcano (chiapas, mexico) during the holocene, and its impact on human activity. Retrieved from http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2000BVol..62..90E Type: Formation:

Volcano Presentation

Transcript: Lakigigar Volcano By: Skye B Location The Lakigigar Volcano is located in south Iceland near the town Kirkjubaejarklauster It is located in the National Park, Vatnajokull. The Lakagigar volcano is a shield volcano It has not erupted for 275 years. it is a 17 mile long fissure bisected by the mountain, Laki. It is about 5,659 ft. above sea level. It is snow covered only in winter but it does lie in between two glaciers, Myrdalsjokull and Vatnajokull. Details Volcanic Events The Lakigigar erupted over an 8 month period in 1783 and 1784. The eruption caused the second largest basaltic magma flow in historic time history. It produced about 6-8 miles, of ash and sulfur dioxide which spread throughout Europe and China. Casualties caused from eruption The eruption caused 50% of the Icelandic livestock population death and 20-25% of the human population death due to fluoride poisoning Traveling A plane ticket from New York to Reykjavik costs from $400 dollars or more. If you got a taxi ride to Kirkjaejarklaustur would cost about $66 if it was an hour. A hotel can cost from $120-$300 per night. Meals in Iceland can cost from $30 to $50 per person. Inside the Park Bus tour leaves at 9:00 a.m. every Sunday-Saturday which departs from Skaftafell and Kirkjubaejarklaustur and stays for 2 hours then travels back. A jeep tour costs $1,520.82 for up to 5 people. It leaves from Kirkjubaejarklaustur at 9:00 a.m. and can last up to 10 hours

Volcano Presentation

Transcript: Calderas, Rifts, and The Ring Fire. Pictures There are 3 main types of volcanoes. A Cinder cone volcano, A Shield volcano and a Composite volcano. To go more in depth about these volcanoes let's start with the Cinder cone. Cinder cone volcanoes are usually explosive which shoot pyroclastic material which is a cloud of debris which is usually made out of ash, rocks and lapilli which is a small rock that shoots out of a volcano. Pyroclastic material is also what builds up this volcano. The next type of volcano is a Shield volcano. This is built up buy lava but the lava runs so far it's more lengthy than tall and usually has an enormous crater at the peak you also might get some pahoehoe which is smooth flowing lava. The third one is a Composite volcano and its called that because it's made up of volcanic ash and lava. Volcanoes are formed when less-dense mantle plumes which are found on hotspots. Hotspots are a place directly above a rising magma column, as mentioned previously, a mantle plume. That's how the magma gets to the volcano but the volcano is shaped by a Convergent boundary which is when two sections of the lithosphere plates are colliding. Those create enough pressure to build up a mountain which always has the potential to become a volcano. By: Jeremy Brodersen Ways we study volcanoes Let's start with calderas. Calderas are whena volcano has run out of magma in the magma chamber and it starts to sink into the ground. A famous caldera would be Mount Mazama which now has Wizard Island on it. Now to rifts. Rifts are deep cracks that form when tectonic plates separate. Rifts are especially common near shield volcanoes. Hawaii has lots of faults because it has lots of shield volcanoes. Now onto the ring of fire. The ring of fire is located in the Pacific ocean and the thing about that is that most of the volcanoes are on the borders with tectonic plates. How volcanoes are formed 4 ways we study volcanoes include measuring activity of the volcano such as earthquakes near/inside the volcano that are becoming more frequent. Another way we study volcanoes is by studying deformation. Example is Mt. Saint Helens' bulge. A third way we study volcanoes is by looking at what volcanoes are are spewing out such as increased levels of gas. The final way we study volcanoes is by studying gravity and magnetics. We could also tell this with the Mt Saint Helens because it's bulge you could tell was eventually going to collapse. Volcanic Presentation Types of Volcanoes and what comes out of them

Yellowstone Volcano Background

Transcript: Future basaltic eruptions could cover several square kilometers with lava up to tens of meters thick. Ash entering atmosphere and blowing down wind for many kilometres. Damage to structures by ash loading. secondary consequences include wildland fires, debris flows, and floods triggered by the displacement of surface drainages by lava. Approximatly 10x larger than mt st Helens. Is yellowstone as big a threat as reported? The site is very much still active: - 1000 to 3000 earthquakes a year. - Active ground deformation. - Over 10,000 thermal features. http://apps.webofknowledge.com/full_record.do?product=UA&search_mode=GeneralSearch&qid=2&SID=Q1JyCt2Cb9Zmp61Jgin&page=1&doc=1 http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0377027312001229 Impacts of future eruption: Recurrence: 3 Largest - Deposits of rhyolitic ash so hot that they welded into sheets of dense rock covering large areas, extending beyond the national park. - Also produced a rain of ash that spread over much of western and central North America and beyond. - No volcanic eruption for last 70,000. Abundant evidence that hot magma continues to exist beneath Yellowstone, but it is uncertain how much of it remains liquid, how well the liquid is interconnected, and thus how much remains eruptible. Unlikely but possible Evidence Yellowstone National Park Yellowstone Volcano Background Conclusion Past Eruptions: Articles: Against: The probability of another major caldera-forming Yellowstone eruption, in the absence of strong premonitory indications of major magmatic intrusion and degassing beneath a large area of the caldera, can be considered to be below the threshold of useful calculation. For: - Average recurrence time of an explosion large enough to produce a 100-m-diameter crater is probably about 200 years, but such an event could expel rocks and other hot debris more than 2 km from the explosion site - At least 26 hydrothermal explosions have been documented in the 126-year historic record of the national park - The average period between basaltic eruptions in the Yellowstone region since formation of the Yellowstone caldera has been about 16,000 years - Supervolcano - The Yellowstone Plateau was built by one of Earth's largest young volcanic systems - Has ejected lava and ash for more than 2 million years. - Formed of Basaltic and rhyolitic magma. Old Faithful Geyser

volcano presentation

Transcript: An eruption our project is about volcanoes. we well be discussing about the types of volcanoes and the ways they are made. we well also briefly talk about the effects they can have on us. what is a volcano A volcano is a mountain that opens downward to the molten layer of the earth. Pressure builds up and eruptions occur. Lava shoots through the hole . How do volcanoes form • Volcanoes are usually formed by the movement of the tectonic plates in earth. • The plates are rocks that float on molten • Mantle is the liquid layer of the earth. • The tectonic plates are always in very slow motion. Sometimes these plates can move towards each other. Most times they well move apart from each other. • When they move to each other one plate goes under while the other rises above it. • As the plate sinks it goes to the molten. It becomes so hot and the mantle comes to the surface through the cracks the plate left. • When it comes to the surface it makes lava. • The lava turns into volcano as it dries over time What are the types of volcanoes? There are three types of volcanoes. They have different features and shapes. The three types of volcanoes are the shield volcanoes, cinder cones volcanoes and composite volcanoes. shield volcano They are large volcanoes that are made of fluid lava flows. It is surrounded by slop hills in a circular shaped pattern that looks like a shield. Different stages of volcano volcanoes are categorized into three different stages. active volcano: it is a volcano that has recently erupted and could possibly erupt anytime. dormant volcano: a volcano that has not erupted in a long time, but their is a possibility that it could erupt again. extinct volcano: a volcano that hasn't erupted for thousands of years and their isn't a chance it will. what is a cinder cone volcano? The volcano forms when ash cinders and bombs pile up around the vent to form a circular or oval cone. composite volcanoes composite volcanoes are made of volcanic rocks. it is usually made of lava and ash debris.

Volcano Presentation

Transcript: is a chain of volcanoes that line the Pacific rim there are 452 volcanoes in the ring of fire has 75% of Earths activities and dormant volcanoes the ring of fire streches 40,000km in length Steps of a Volcano Sources Ring of Fire 1. Mount St. Helens - Washington State 2. Mount Vesuvius - Italy 3. Mt. Fuji - Japan. Currently Dormant 4. Mt. Kilauea & Mauna Loa - Hawaii 5. Mount Kilimanjaro - Tanzania. Currently dormant. 6. Popocatepetl - Mexico 7. Mount Etna - Greece 8. Krakatoa - Indonesia 9. Mount Pelee - Martinique 10. Alaska Volcanoes - Shishaldin Volcano, Mount Redoubt, Mount Augustine, Mount Katmai Volcano Presentation By: Lucas Gazaway & Kaitlyn Wentland Pictures Cain, Fraser. "Ring of Fire Volcanoes." Universe Today RSS. N.p., 20 May 2009. Web. 01 Oct. 2013. "Top 10 Volcanoes & Places to See." Top 10 Volcanoes & Places to See. N.p., n.d. Web. 01 Oct. 2013. "Volcanic Eruptions." ThinkQuest. Oracle Foundation, n.d. Web. 01 Oct. 2013 1) A volcanic eruption starts when pressure on the magma chamber 2) the pressure causes magma to go up through the conduit 3) When the pipe is blocked by a stopple or an accumulation of pumice, the pressure in the pipe will build up very high resulting in an explosion. 4) When magma reaches earth's surface it is called lava. It may pour out in gentle streams called lava flows or erupt violently into the air. Rocks ripped loose from the inside of the volcano or torn apart by the gas may be shot into the air with the lava. These rocks blown out of a volcano are called pyroclastic rocks. The rock fragments fall back to earth in many different shapes and sizes: Top 10 most popular volcanoes

Volcano Presentation

Transcript: Made of small rock particles. Erupting lava shoots in the air and hardens. These fragments pile around the vent, forming the steep cone shape. The three types of Made from layers of thick lava flow alternating with ash, cinders and rocks. These layers form a cone with steel layers. They are made by constant eruptions. They can get to 2 to 3 thousand feet tall. Formed by frag mental derbies. Some magma intrudes to make Dikes or sills. Shield Volcano volcanoes Made By, Alexandria Made of many layers of rock. Fluid lava flows out of the vent and hardens into rock. The gentle slopes that build up and give the volcano a shield like appearance. Composite volcano Cinder cone volcano

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