Water!

Under the surface
Water!
- Water is a molecule (H2O)
- Water has 10 protons and 10 neutrons. It is a neutral molecule.
- Water molecule is polar because there is an uneven distribution of electrons between the oxygen and hydrogen atoms.

Polarity
- Oxygen contains 8 protons and 8 electrons.
- Hydrogen contains 1 proton and 1 electron
- With 8 protons, waters oxygen nucleus attracts electrons more strongly than the single protons of water.
- So since oxygen attracts electrons more strongly than hydrogen, it becomes slightly negative.
-So water is polar which means that the molecule of water is unevenly charged. The oxygen end is negative while the hydrogen end is positive.
Hydrogen Bonding
- Since water is polar (positively charged at the hydrogen end and negatively charged at the oxygen end), water can attract other water molecules.
- Hydrogen bond- the attraction between a hydrogen atom with a partial negative charge of another atom.

Cohesion and Surface Tension
-cohesion is an attraction between two molecules of the same substance.
- cohesion causes water molecules to be drawn together.
- Surface tension- strong cohesion molecules allows for the support of lightweight objects

Adhesion and Capillary Action
- Adhesion: attraction between molecules of different substances.
- Capillary action: causes water to be drawn upward against the force of gravity.