Cytokinesis technically is NOT considered part of mitosis

The Cell Cycle
Cytokinesis technically is NOT considered part of mitosis
After cytokinesis the cell returns to interphase

Cytokinesis

Cytokinesis

The sister chromatids are now completely on the opposite side of the cell
The nuclear envelope reforms again
DNA decondenses back into chromatin

Telophase

The separates nucleuses move to opposite sides of the cell
A contractile ring forms pinches off the cell in the middle to form to new daughter cells
Each daughter cells in the exact copy of the other


Each centriole then begins to pull the chromosomes to the opposite ends of the cell
The chromosome separate and are now 2 separate sister chromatids
Each sister chromatid has the exact SAME genetic information as it partner on the opposite centriole
Why?

Anaphase

The chromosomes are now attached to the spindle fibers and aligned in a line called the Metaphase plate

Metaphase

Nuclear enveloped has disappeared
Chromosomes begin to move toward an imaginary line across the cell
The equatorial line

Metaphase

Prophase

M phase is mitosis
M Phase is divided into 4 smaller phases
Prophase
Metaphase
Anaphase
Telophase


M phase

Interphase

The cell cycle is composed of 5 phases
G0 phase
G1 phase
S phase
G2 phase
M phase

Overview

Don’t confuse centrioles with centromeres
centriOLE is outer
Because the move outwards in the cell
centroMERE is middle
Because they are the middle of the chromosome

TIP

Organelle called the centrioles move towards opposite ends of the cell
Each centrioles launches thread like structures called spindle fibers towards the chromosomes
The spindle fibers connect to the middle of the chromosomes
the centromeres

Metaphase

DNA within a cell is located in the chromatin
Looks like a tangled mass of threads or spaghetti

DNA

What is the purpose of the cell cycle?

Introduction to the Cell Cycle

G1, S, and G2 and all make the the interphase

At the end of interphase you will double the amount materials in a cell as you had before

The cell must replicate….
Chromosomes
Most organelles

Before M phase

Duplicated DNA condenses into chromosomes

The chromosome have identical pairs known as sister chromatids


DNA

Know the structures of the chromosome!

The chromosomes have condensed and are visible
The nuclear membrane disintegrates
An important organelle to mitosis are the centrioles (pair of centrosomes)
During prophase microtubules begin to sprout

Disruptions to the Cell Cycle
Cells in the cell cycle go through the phases interphase and mitosis.

Throughout interphase there are checkpoints to make sure DNA is not damaged.

If there damaged DNA, then the cell will go through apoptosis