Networking

Networking Networking Overview Objective
Summarize the basics
of networking
fundamentals,
including
technologies,
devices and
protocols Network Types Peer to Peer Client Server In peer-to-peer networking (also called workgroups), each computer controls access to its own resources. Security controls on each computer identify who can have access to the
computer's resources

Advantages
-Easy implementation
-Inexpensive

Disadvantages
-Difficult to expand (not scalable)
-Difficult to support
-Lack centralized control
-No centralized storage In client/server networking, shared resources reside on special computers called servers.
Other computers, called clients connect to the server to access resources. Security
controls on the server identify which clients can have resource access.

Advantages
-Easily expanded (scalable)
-Easy support
-Centralized services
-Easy to backup

Disadvantages
-Server operating systems are expensive
-Requires extensive advanced planning Infared and Bluetooth Facts In peer-to-peer networking (also called workgroups), each computer controls access to its own resources. Security controls on each computer identify who can have access to the
computer's resources

Advantages
-Easy implementation
-Inexpensive

Disadvantages
-Difficult to expand (not scalable)
-Difficult to support
-Lack centralized control
-No centralized storage Infrared Infrared uses invisible light waves
for communication
-Is a line-of-sight medium.
-Communicates at 9600 bps. up to 4 Mbps and uses the resources of a COM port
-Works best for devices within 1 meter, but can operate up to 30 metersin areas without ambient light interference
-Offers no security for transmissions
Infrared is typically used for remote control devices Bluetooth Bluetooth uses radio waves for communication
- Uses ad hoc connections between devices to
create personal are networks call piconets. A Piconet
can have up to 7 devices, and each device can participate in multiple piconets at the same time
-Operates in hte 2.4 GHz frequency range and uses adaptive frequency hopping. It automatically detects other devices in the area and avoids the frequencies used by those devices
- Transmits at up to 3 Mbps. The maximum distance depends on the device class
- Class 3 devices transmit up to 1 meter
- Class 2 devices transmit up to 10 meters
- Class 1 devices transmit up to 100 meters
Class 2 devices are the most common
- Can be used for both voice and data signals IP Version 6 Prefix The first 64-bits is known as the prefix.
- The 64-bit prefix can be divided into various parts, with each part having a
specific meaning. Parts in the prefix can identify the geographic region, the
ISP, the network, and the subnet.
- The prefix length identifies the number of bits in the relevant portion of the prefix. To indicate the prefix length, add a slash (/) followed by the prefix length number. Full quartets with trailing 0's in the prefix address can be
omitted (for example 2001:0DB8:4898:DAFC::/64).
- Because addresses are allocated based on physical location, the prefix
generally identifies the location of the host. The 64-bit prefix is often referred
to as the global routing prefix. Interface ID - The last 64-bits is the interface ID. This is the unique address assigned to an interface.
- Addresses are assigned to interfaces (network connections), not to the host. Technically, the interface ID is not a host address.
- In most cases, individual interface IDs are not assigned by ISPs, but are rather generated automatically or managed by site administrators.
- Interface IDs must be unique within a subnet, but can be the same if the interface is on different subnets.
- On Ethernet networks, the interface ID can be automatically derived from the MAC address. Using the automatic host ID simplifies administration.