What is PARAPHRASING?
someone else's version of information and ideas written in your own words without changing the author's meaning
a legitimate way to borrow from a source and avoid plaigarism
(a source is the original work written by someone)
a more detailed restatement than a summary, usually based on one sentence or idea
why paraphrase?
the work you put into paraphrasing helps you to better understand what you've just read
Steps to Effective Paraphrasing
Reread the original passage until you understand its full meaning.
Change the sentence structure.
Do not use more than three words of the source material in a row.
Use synonyms. A synonym is a word that means approximately the same thing as another word.
Use key words from the original. While you need to paraphrase in your words, you cannot, and need not, substitute a different word for every word in the original.

Using these guidelines, take out your book and choose a paragraph to work with.
Write a summary of the paragraph.
Write a quote from the paragraph.
Write a paraphrase of a sentence or two from the paragraph.



Is a paraphrase the same as a summary? What's the difference?

Write what you think the difference is...
What is a quotation?
A summary puts the main idea(s) into your own words, including only the main point(s). Summaries are significantly shorter than the original and take a broad overview of the source material.
the forest versus the trees
A quote must match the source document word for word and the author must be given full credit.
She left the classroom early everyday because she had "somewhere special she was required to be" (a direct quote from her teacher).
Exercise 1: Below are some sentences. Rewrite them reversing the order of the sentence structure. Don't worry now about writing a successful paraphrase; just concentrate on changing the sentence structure.

1. Like Napolean before him, Hitler blundered when he ordered an invasion of Russia in the winter.
2. Because of the severity of the Russian winter, Napolean's troops became sick and demoralized.
3. Hitler should have learned from the lesson of history.
4. Also the Russian invasion meant the Germans were fighting on two fronts; thus the German army was not at full strength on either front.
5. Historians generally believe that the Russian invasion marked the downfall of the German war machine.
Exercise 2: Go back to the sentences in exercise 1, read the first one carefully, cover it with a sheet of paper, and rewrite the sentence. Repeat the process for each sentence. Then compare these sentences to the first set you wrote. This set of sentences should contain more of your own words.
Exercise 3: Compare the sentences you wrote in exercise 2 to the original sentences. Underline any phrases in which you used more than three of the original words in a row. Rewrite those sentences in which you did.
Exercise 4: Go over the last set of sentences you have written and see if you can use synonyms for any of the words in your sentences.
Exercise 5: In the passage below, underline the words which you think would be absolutely necessary to keep in a paraphrase.

The scholars of the intellectual effects of television routinely insist that no more than an "association" can be verified between poor performance in school and hours of TV viewing. There's no scientific proof of cause and effect, they report. Some even scoff at the thought it might exist, pointing out that in the pre-TV era, those hours that kids now spend before the TV were devoted to radio listening and comic books.

--"Electronic Gizmos Make Us Stupid" by Daniel Greenberg
Exercise 6: Rewrite the sentences below so that you eliminate the striking or catchy language.

1. Love thy neighbor as thyself.
2. Neither a borrower nor a lender be.
3. Jim awoke to a frog-drowning rain.
4. When want is mistaken for need, we fall the victim of greed.
5. I am having a Big Mac attack.
forest = summary
trees = paraphrase
Example: 

Can you imagine a time when it was legal not to hire women because of their gender? Or when children were not legally protected from abusive parents? It may be hard to believe, but both were acceptable until advocates stepped in to stop these injustices. Social justice movements are born out of people’s courage to stand up for those who are being oppressed in society. The history of national movements, such as the women’s rights movement and the civil rights movement, have been well documented, but how is your knowledge of social issues?

(taken from: http://justchoices.com/pdfs/JCworksheets.pdf)
It may be hard to believe, but both were acceptable until advocates stepped in to stop these injustices. Social justice movements are born out of people’s courage to stand up for those who are being oppressed in society.
Summary:
Social justice movements are important to change the status of minorities in society.
Quote:

The author states, "Social justice movements are born out of people’s courage to stand up for those who are being oppressed in society".
Paraphrase:

When people are brave enough to stand up for those around them who are not being treated fairly, social justice movements happen.

Original:
Social justice movements are born out of people’s courage to stand up for those who are being oppressed in society.