shakespeare pronunciation question transformation verb tense map pronunciation transformation tense-map Just like when a pianist memorises a piece so that they can concentrate fully on the expression, so the language student memorises a passage enabling them to recite it concentrating fully on pronunciation. To be, or not to be -- that is the question: Whether 'tis nobler in the mind to suffer The slings and arrows of outrageous fortune Or to take arms against a sea of troubles And by opposing end them. To die, to sleep-- No more -- and by a sleep to say we end The heartache, and the thousand natural shocks That flesh is heir to. 'Tis a consummation Devoutly to be wished. To die, to sleep-- To sleep--perchance to dream: ay, there's the rub, For in that sleep of death what dreams may come When we have shuffled off this mortal coil, Must give us pause. There's the respect That makes calamity of so long life. For who would bear the whips and scorns of time, Th' oppressor's wrong, the proud man's contumely The pangs of despised love, the law's delay, The insolence of office, and the spurns That patient merit of th' unworthy takes, When he himself might his quietus make With a bare bodkin? Who would fardels bear, To grunt and sweat under a weary life, But that the dread of something after death, The undiscovered country, from whose bourn No traveller returns, puzzles the will, And makes us rather bear those ills we have Than fly to others that we know not of? Thus conscience does make cowards of us all, And thus the native hue of resolution Is sicklied o'er with the pale cast of thought, And enterprise of great pitch and moment With this regard their currents turn awry And lose the name of action. memorise this bit! this phoneme is often difficult for europeans: bite front end of tongue, drop jaw voice and unvoiced this phoneme is produced in two steps: slide between eee back to aaa staccato: truncate the sound two examples have been circled once memorised practice pronunciation till it's perfect! By learning a simple process, the student can participate in all kinds of conversations. The trick is, to speak without necessarily understanding the meaning of what is said. Meaning is learned through the social context, not through a definition nor from a translation to the student's mother tongue. 1 2 3 yes/no questions are you happy? yes, i am happy do you want a drink? no, i do not want a drink? can you pass the salt? yes, i can pass the salt have you eaten yet? no, i have not eaten yet. will you have learned by the end of this lesson? yes, i will have learned by the end of this lesson is john coming to the lesson? no, john is not coming to the lesson are they watching the film? yes they are watching the film phrase order subject - verb - object verb - subject - object question answer (normally only the auxilliary verb moves) transforms pronouns determiners "do" verb I/we you s/he/it anything something anyone someone this that chased did chase bit did bite s/he/it interrogatives where? to, at, in, on when? adverb adjective verb prepositional phrase what? why? who? how? noun because i/you/we/they s/he/it present past future pluperfect perfect (past wrt past) (present wrt past) simple simple simple continuous continuous continuous continuous continuous future perfect (future wrt past) continuous to listen listen is listening listened was listening will listen will be listening had listened had been listening have listened have been listening will have listened will have been listening simple verb to be to have to do irregular regular continuous continuous continuous continuous continuous continuous continuous continuous continuous continuous continuous continuous continuous continuous continuous continuous continuous continuous continuous continuous continuous continuous continuous continuous TEFL upgrade
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