BIBLIOGRAPHY

http://www.iptv.org/exploremore/energy/Features/Fplaces.cfm

http://geothermal.marin.org/

http://www.energy-consumers-edge.com/pros_and_cons_of_geothermal_energy.html

http://www.homeheatingsystemhelp.com/geothermal-pros-cons.html

http://www.our-energy.com/energy_facts/geothermal_energy_facts.html

http://www.techstore.ie/Renewable-Energy/Geothermal-Energy-Systems/Interesting-facts-about-Geothermal-Energy.htm


geothermal energy
FOUND IN
US:
Yellowstone National Park in Wyoming
The Geysers in San Francisco. 
BOOK
some VOLCANIC areas
nicaragua
costa rica
new zealand

japan
iceland

china
kenya
etc....
Hot springs/ natural steams vents: molten rock of Earth’s interior is close enough to the surface to heat ground water. The hot water or steam are used to turn turbo generators which in turn create what is known as geothermal energy.
INTERNET
GE not being fully exploited to its maximum capacity.
DOE (Department of Energy) predicted that by 2020 10% of Western US’ energy could come from geothermal power.
GE can be used to heat and cool buildings as warm air is extracted from 6 feet underground (where the temperature remains constant) and warm air can also be stored there. The underground geothermal heating pump has loops of pipes filled with antifreeze solution that circulates with the use of a pump connected to the air handler that has a blower and a filter. 
Quite expensive, but in long-run, amount of money saved compensates for original investment. 
Result: heat pumps are increasing by 15% annually in the US. 
Upper 10 feet of Earth's surface: nearly constant temp between 50°- 60°F (10°- 16°C). 
Hot dry rock resources at depths 3 to 5 miles everywhere beneath the Earth's surface/ lesser depths in certain areas. 
Flash steam plants (most common) use high pressure water underground - turn it into steam to turn generator turbines. Once the steam has cooled, it condenses back into water at which  point it is reinserted underground creating a recycling process.
3 main types of plants:
- Dry steam plants turn generator turbines by using steam piped directly from a geothermal reservoir
 - Binary cycle power plants take the heat from the hot water underground to heat another liquid which turns into steam and is then used to power the generator turbine.
PROS
CON
MISCELLANEOUS
GE used since ancient times as hot water (Rome hot baths, Native American  geysers to cook food)
Geothermal energy could produce 10 percent of US electricity by the year 2050. 
GE does not depend on the sun 
Emission levels low= no fuel is burned to create electricity. 
release less than 1% of carbon dioxide emissions of a fossil fuel plant/ less than 97% acid rain- causing sulfur compounds. 
 Can be extracted from any place- dig deep enough
SAFE/UNPOLLUTING
. No coal or nuclear fuel to mine and transport, no radioactive wastes/ashes to deal with
Scrubber systems are used to clean the air of hydrogen sulfide that is naturally found in the steam and hot water. Water is normally re-injected underground thus recycling it. Renewable because heat will always be generated underground.
$$$$$$$
$$$$$$$$
$$$$$ to install geothermal heating pump.
$$$$$$ to dig deep and extract water/steam if there is no reservoir nearby
Large amount of land needed to put in the GHP
Refrigerants used and the electricity to power the heat pump are not 100 eco-friendly. 
”Economically usable sites”...often difficult to find, many places don't have minimum temperature of 100C or 212F for electrical power generation. 
The U.S. Department of Energy supports its development through the Geothermal Technology Development Program. It works with Congress to gain support for geothermal energy and renewable energy in general.
entire world resource base of geothermal energy has been calculated in government surveys to be larger than the resource bases of coal, oil, gas and uranium combined.
Geothermal waters are used for district, swimming pool, fish farm and greenhouse heating, wool washing, wood drying, production of paper and concrete blocks.
In 84 of the plants water is even bottled up for drinking. 
The most active geothermal resources are usually found along major plate boundaries where earthquakes and volcanoes are concentrated.
 Most of the geothermal activity in the world occurs in an area called the Ring of Fire. This area rims the Pacific Ocean.
Russia: Subduction boundary at Kamchatka provides the nation with geothermal energy- Plant under construction at Mutnovsky with waste hot water to be transported 80 km to heat a town.
 Mexico: Cerro Prieto, Los Azufres and Los Humeros provide heating for industrial laundries, refrigeration, district and greenhouse heating, and fruit and wood drying
geothermal pump requires electricity to run but is far more efficient than conventional heating systems with 400% more efficiency than a fossil fuel equivalent.
SEI estimate that a savings of €20,000 could be achieved during the geothermal heat pumps lifespan.
Italy: Modern direct use projects expanded to 1120 GWh/yr. 

Castelnuovo- greenhouses & district heating use water heated by low-pressure steam 

Monte Amiata- waste heat from a geothermal plant warms a large greenhouse complex

Campi Flegrei fumaroles are supposedly so impressive that they inspired Dante’s Inferno.
Indonesia: Almost 200 volcanoes and 100 geothermal fields. "mini-geo" plants are planned for remote villages. 
Natural steam and hot water are used locally for cooking and bathing. 
Power plants at: Salak, Dieng, Lahendong, Kamojang and Bedugul.
 Iceland: capital city of Reykjavik gets 90 % of its heat for homes and public buildings by hot underground water pipe system. This hot water is also used for swimming pools, washing machines, showers and to heat greenhouses where vegetables and fruits can grow where they otherwise would not have due to the cold climate.