Creating
the Constitution
Compromises
Representation in Congress
How to count slaves?
The slave trade & runaway slaves
Great Compromise: BICAMERAL legislature (2 houses)
Senate represents the STATES
House of Representatives represents the PEOPLE
South: count as people =more representation
North: count as property=more taxes
3/5 Compromise:  
count only 3 out of every 5 slaves as
a person
Commerce Compromise:
Congress could not interfere with slave trade for 20 years
Congress cannot tax exports
Congress CAN  put a tax on each slave coming into the country
Runaway slaves must be returned
House of Representatives:
# of reps based on population of state
President
Would only elect someone from their own state
"the president must not be made a flunky of Congress!" - Delegate Governeur Morris
The Electoral College
Congress chooses? No
People choose? No
A special group of electors from each state: YES
# Reps in the House + Senators= # of electors for your state
Approving
the Constitution
September 17, 1787
The Constitution was ready for signing
Not all delegates signed it
"I have the happiness to know that it is a rising, and not a setting sun."
Newspapers in every state printed  the Constitution
Senate:
# of reps will be equal from all states
(2 from each)
North: wants Congress to be able to pass laws about business and trade to help Northern industry

South: does NOT want Congress to be able to pass laws about business and trade for fear they might outlaw the slave trade.
How should we choose the president?
Step 1: The people vote for a candidate= "popular vote"
Step 2: The candidate with the most number of votes in a state is given all electoral votes from the state.
Step 3: There are 538 votes up for grabs in the Electoral college
Step 4 : A candidate must win 270 to be elected.
*Maine & Nebraska can split their vote
Framers decided the constitution should be ratified (approved) by 9 of the 13 states before it could go into effect.
Federalists:
supporters of Constitution
wanted strong national gov't
national gov't would share power with states
would unite states into a republic
Anti-Federalists:
opposed Constitution
Wanted list of individual and state powers
Congress would ruin country with taxes
President has too much power
Famous Federalists:
Alexander Hamilton
James Madison
John Jay
Wrote Federalist Papers to generate support
Ratification!
Created 3 branches of government
Listed powers & duties of branches
9 states needed to ratify for it to go into effect
Delaware was the first to ratify
New Hampshire was the ninth (enabling the Constitution to go into effect!)
March 4, 1789 the new government begins!
Ideas for limiting a ruler's power came from:
England's Magna Carta (1215)
Philosopher John Locke: (if a ruler violates people's rights, the people should rebel!)
Philosopher Baron de Montesquieu: separate the powers into branches

Famous Anti-Federalists:
John Hancock
Sam Adams
Patrick Henry
said the Constitution did not protect basic liberties