Herodotus & Thucydides

Herodotus & Thucydides by Phil Chen & Tim Markatos Herodotus circa 484 BC - 425 BC Lyxes Rhaeo Theodore Panyassis After Panyassis was killed by the Persian tyrant, Lygdamis, Herodotus was subsequently banished from Halicarnassus. Halicarnassus: Herodotus then spent the rest of his life travelling the Mediterranean. He lived in Greece , Egypt, Phoenicia, and Babylon before relocating to Thurii in Southern Italy, where he is fabled to have spent the rest of his days. Classical Period City-States Athens ruled by Pericles-- pseudo-democracy Herodotus' Life as a Writer THE HISTORIES 9 books concerning the Greek and Persian Wars All have survived intact until today. Woohoo! A Quick Excerpt: ...in the original Greek: ...and translated: [1] ἐπεὶ δὲ ἀγγελίη ἀπίκετο περὶ τῆς μάχης τῆς ἐν Μαραθῶνι γενομένης παρὰ βασιλέα Δαρεῖον τὸν Ὑστάσπεος, καὶ πρὶν μεγάλως κεχαραγμένον τοῖσι Ἀθηναίοισι διὰ τὴν ἐς Σάρδις ἐσβολήν, καὶ δὴ καὶ τότε πολλῷ τε δεινότερα ἐποίεε καὶ μᾶλλον ὅρμητο στρατεύεσθαι ἐπὶ τὴν Ἑλλάδα. [2] καὶ αὐτίκα μὲν ἐπηγγέλλετο πέμπων ἀγγέλους κατὰ πόλις ἑτοιμάζειν στρατιήν, πολλῷ πλέω ἐπιτάσσων ἑκάστοισι ἢ πρότερον παρέχειν, καὶ νέας τε καὶ ἵππους καὶ σῖτον καὶ πλοῖα. τούτων δὲ περιαγγελλομένων ἡ Ἀσίη ἐδονέετο ἐπὶ τρία ἔτεα, καταλεγομένων τε τῶν ἀρίστων ὡς ἐπὶ τὴν Ἑλλάδα στρατευομένων καὶ παρασκευαζομένων. [3] τετάρτῳ δὲ ἔτεϊ Αἰγύπτιοι ὑπὸ Καμβύσεω δουλωθέντες ἀπέστησαν ἀπὸ Περσέων. ἐνθαῦτα δὴ καὶ μᾶλλον ὅρμητο καὶ ἐπ᾽ ἀμφοτέρους στρατεύεσθαι. [1] στελλομένου δὲ Δαρείου ἐπ᾽ Αἴγυπτον καὶ Ἀθήνας, τῶν παίδων αὐτοῦ στάσις ἐγένετο μεγάλη περὶ τῆς ἡγεμονίης, ὡς δεῖ μιν ἀποδέξαντα βασιλέα κατὰ τὸν Περσέων νόμον οὕτω στρατεύεσθαι. [2] ἦσαν γὰρ Δαρείῳ καὶ πρότερον ἢ βασιλεῦσαι γεγονότες τρεῖς παῖδες ἐκ τῆς προτέρης γυναικός, Γοβρύεω θυγατρός, καὶ βασιλεύσαντι ἐξ Ἀτόσσης τῆς Κύρου ἕτεροι τέσσερες. τῶν μὲν δὴ προτέρων ἐπρέσβευε Ἀρτοβαζάνης, τῶν δὲ ἐπιγενομένων Ξέρξης. ἐόντες δὲ μητρὸς οὐ τῆς αὐτῆς ἐστασίαζον, [3] ὁ μὲν Ἀρτοβαζάνης κατότι πρεσβύτατός τε εἴη παντὸς τοῦ γόνου καὶ ὅτι νομιζόμενον εἴη πρὸς πάντων ἀνθρώπων τὸν πρεσβύτατον τὴν ἀρχὴν ἔχειν, Ξέρξης δὲ ὡς Ἀτόσσης τε παῖς εἴη τῆς Κύρου θυγατρὸς καὶ ὅτι Κῦρος εἴη ὁ κτησάμενος τοῖσι Πέρσῃσι τὴν ἐλευθερίην. [1] Δαρεου δ οκ ποδεικνυμνου κω γνμην, τγχανε κατ τυτ τοτοισι κα Δημρητος ρστωνος ναβεβηκς ς Σοσα, στερημνος τε τς ν Σπρτ βασιληης κα φυγν πιβαλν ωυτ κ Λακεδαμονος. [2] οτος νρ πυθμενος τν Δαρεου παδων τν διαφορν, λθν, ς φτις μιν χει, Ξρξ συνεβολευε λγειν πρς τοσι λεγε πεσι, ς ατς μν γνοιτο Δαρε δη βασιλεοντι κα χοντι τ Περσων κρτος, ρτοβαζνης δ τι διτ ντι Δαρε· [3] οκων οτε οκς εη οτε δκαιον λλον τιν τ γρας χειν πρ ωυτο· πε γε κα ν Σπρτ φη Δημρητος ποτιθμενος οτω νομζεσθαι, ν ο μν προγεγοντες ωσι πρν τν πατρα σφων βασιλεσαι, δ βασιλεοντι ψγονος πιγνηται, το πιγενομνου τν κδεξιν τς βασιληης γνεσθαι. [4] χρησαμνου δ Ξρξεω τ Δημαρτου ποθκ, γνος Δαρεος ς λγοι δκαια βασιλα μιν πδεξε. δοκειν δ μοι, κα νευ τατης τς ποθκης βασιλεσαι ν Ξρξης· γρ τοσσα εχε τ πν κρτος. Ἱ σ τ ο ρ ι ῶ ν Η Π ο λ ύ μ ν ι α Θεμιστοκλέης ὄστρακον BOOK VII THE SEVENTH BOOK OF THE HISTORIES, CALLED POLYMNIA Each book is named after a Muse: 1) Clio (History) 2) Euterpe (Flute-Playing) 3) Thalia (Comedy) 4) Melpomene (Tragedy) 5) Terpsichore (Dancing) 6) Erato (Lyre) 7) Polymnia (Sacred Hymn) 8) Urania (Astronomy) 9) Calliope (Epic Poetry) Herodotus' writings often drew on fables and legends; thus, the accuracy of his work was sometimes looked upon with uncertainty, especially since he judged many tall tales to be true. Nevertheless, Herodotus was still a popular writer in his day, and he was especially respected for the impartial attitude he took when comparing the customs of the Greeks and Persians. Hello! (Please refer to handout.) Herodotus' writing sometimes emulates Homeric works in terms of grandness; at the same time, though, Herodotus would criticize Homer's sources and judgement in separating truth from fiction. ...and now over to Phil. Herodotus had no known patron; he wrote for himself.