Louis XIV

The Sun King Louis XIV Initially gained power through his economic advisors MAZARIN RICHELIEU Tried to impose direct royal administration Circumscribed many of the political privileges Henry IV had extended to the Huegonots in the Edict of Nantes Centralizing efforts sparked the Fronde Widespread rebellion among French nobles Named after the slingshots used by street boys Became, in effect, the ruler of England under Louis XIII Increased the power of the Bourbon family Moved against the Huguenots Forbade Protestant cities to have walls Sought to weaken nobles' power Ordered nobles to take down their fortified castles Increased the number of government agents that came from the middle class Limited Hapsburg power through France's participation in The Thirty Years' War Ironically, he supplied money to Protestant princes and troops in Germany during the French Phase Henry IV Louis XIII Greatest triumph was ending The Thirty Years' War Nobles hated him Increased taxes Strengthened the central government 1649-1652 Riots against Mazarin almost tore France apart Riots Failed 1. Leaders distrusted one another more than they they disliked Mazarin 2. Government's violent response 3. Peasants grew weary of disorder and fighting FRONDES COLBERT Mercantilism To prevent wealth from leaving the country, he tried to make France self-sufficient Wanted to to be able to manufacture everything it needed instead of relying on imports Expanded Manufacturing Protected Industries Recognized Colonies Gave government funds and tax benefits to French companies Placed a high tariffs on goods from other countries Provided raw materials and a market for manufactured goods Encouraged migration to Canada Reduced number of tax collectors Improved transportation system with canals and growing merchant marine Organized a group of French trading companies (East India Company, West India Company, Levant Company, and the Company of the North) Advisors Solidified his power through propaganda and image creation When the heir to the French throne (dauphin) was born, Louis showed up to the celebration dressed as a Roman Emperor The Hall Of Mirrors Along one wall are 17 mirrors and along the opposite are 17 windows that open onto the gardens It took so much water to run all the fountains at once that is was done only for special events On other days, when the king walked in the garden, servants would turn on fountains just before he reached them "The art of taxation consists in so plucking the goose as to obtain the largest possible amount of feathers with the smallest possible amount of hissing." The outer wings, extending from the front of the central structure, housed governmental offices. The gardens and ponds behind the main structure were the sites of elaborate entertainment, concerts, and fireworks. The central building is the hunting lodge his father Louis XIII had built earlier in the century. Its interior and that of the wings added to it were decorated with themes from mythology presenting Louis XIV as the “Sun King” around whom all his kingdom revolved. 2,000 acres of grounds 12 miles of roads 27 miles of trellises 200,000 trees 210,000 flowers planted every year 80 miles of rows of trees 55 acres surface area of the Grand Canal 12 miles of enclosing walls 50 fountains and 620 fountain nozzles 21 miles of water conduits 3,600 cubic meters per hour: water consumed 26 acres of roof 51,210 square meters of floors 2,153 windows 700 rooms 67 staircases 6,000 paintings 1,500 drawings and 15,000 engravings 2,100 sculptures 5,000 items of furniture and objects d'art 150 varieties of apple and peach trees in the Vegetable Garden Crest of the Bourbon family VERSAILLES Attempted To Expand France's Boarders One of his favorite writers was Moliere who often wrote comedies that mocked religious hypocrisy He made ballet and opera popular. In fact, he even danced the title role in the ballet The Sun King. War Of The Spanish Succession In 1700, the childless king of Spain, Charles II, died after promising his throne to Louis XIV's 16 year old grandson, Philip of Anjou Feeling threatened by Bourbon power, England, Austria, the Dutch Republic, Portugal, and several German and Italian States joined together to defeat France's expansionist policies. Treaty of Utrecht 1714 Louis's grandson was allowed to remain king of Spain as long as the thrones of France and Spain were not united Great Britain took Gibraltar, was given the French territories of Nova Scotia and Newfoundland, and was granted asiento from Spain (permission to send enslaved Africans to Spain's American colonies) 1667 Invaded the Spanish Netherlands Gained 12 new towns Led an army into the Dutch Netherlands 1672 The Dutch saved their country by opening the dikes and flooding the countryside Wanted to secure international boundaries so he focused on Spain and the United Netherlands War of The Devolution Treaty of Aix-La-Chapelle Treaty of Dover Peace of Nijmwegen Supported his wife Marie Therese so she could inherit the Spanish Netherlands Signed by different parties Gained more territory Occured after William of Orange made an alliance with the HRE, Spain, etc. to take down Louis Gained control of certain towns bordering the Spanish Netherlands England and France became allies against the Dutch Believed that political unity and stability required religious conformity Caried out repressive actions against both Roman Catholics and Protestants Suppressed the Jansenists Roman Catholic religious movement that was in opposition to the theology and political influence of the Jesuits Promoted Augustine beliefs that said original sin had so corrupted humankind that individuals could by their own effort do nothing good or nor contribute anything to their own salvation Like Puritans, they became associated with opposition to royal authority Involved in the Fronde Pope Leo X declared them heretical Revoked the Edict of Nantes Ordered the destruction of churches Closed schools Ordered Catholic baptism of Huguenots Exiled Huguenot pastors who refussed to renounce their faith “I am the state” http://www.biography.com/people/louis-xiv-9386885/videos/louis-xiv-full-episode-2073406805?cmpid=MRSS_Google_BIO Complete Video Biography 43 min Henry IV Louis XIII Mazarin "I Am The State" Richelieu Colbert Mercantilism Jansenists Revokation of the Edict of Nantes Versailles War of The Spanish Succession Treaty of Utrecht Treaty of Dover Treaty of Aix-La-Chapelle Peace of Nijmwegen War of the Devolution